Note: however, this summary does not give us Mean and SD, still I needed to analyze the raw data.ĭata: (Part of the Raw Data-SurveyMonkey will give you a numerical version)ĭescriptive Analysis: (from 1 strongly agree to 5 strongly disagree) I am more comfortable when my teacher conducts class in a formal manner rather than informally. Following are several questions about your perceptions on or expectations about teachers and teaching in general please click on the button to indicate your choice: Summary of Data: (Descriptive analysis)-generated by SurveyMonkey Analyze Data_Practice_Ordinal (Inferential statistics).Look at the results and see what conclusions can you draw?.Analyze Data_Practice_continuous (Descriptive Analysis, first time, leave “factor” unchecked second time, check it, compare the results).Set the data correctly (Data, Variable).See the Survey at: (Question 4-Students’ Perceptions on Teachers and Teaching in General) Example Of A Likert Scale (Ordinal) Surveyĭata set: the one posted on Course Website: Cultural differences in online Learning The Cochran Q, or McNemar-Test are common statistical procedures used after this transformation. Some of the personality test (same way)ĭata from Likert scales are sometimes reduced to the nominal level by combining all agree and disagree responses into two categories of “accept” and “reject”.Attitudes toward Computer (20 questions, but Each participant gets one score, summed).If the summed responses are normally distributed, parametric statistical tests such as the analysis of variance can be applied. When responses to several Likert items are summed, they may be treated as interval data measuring a latent variable. When treated as ordinal data, Likert responses can be analyzed using non-parametric tests, such as the Mann-Whitney test, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and the Kruskal-Wallis test. Responses to a single Likert item are normally treated as ordinal data, because, especially when using only five levels, one cannot assume that respondents perceive the difference between adjacent levels as equidistant. Hence, Likert scales are often called summative scales. Respondents may avoid using extreme response categories (central tendency bias) agree with statements as presented (acquiescence response bias) or try to portray themselves or their group in a more favorable light (social desirability bias).Īfter the questionnaire is completed, each item may be analyzed separately or item responses may be summed to create a score for a group of items. Likert scales may be subject to distortion from several causes. Sometimes Likert scales are used in a forced choice method where the middle option of “Neither agree nor disagree” is not available. Likert scaling is a bipolar scaling method, measuring either positive and negative response to a statement. Traditionally a five-point scale is used, however many psychometricians advocate using a seven or nine point scale. Sample Question Presented Using A Five-Point Likert ScaleĪ typical test item in a Likert scale is a statement, the respondent is asked to indicate their degree of agreement with the statement. The scale is named after Rensis Likert, who published a report describing its use (Likert, 1932). When responding to a Likert questionnaire item, respondents specify their level of agreement to a statement. Likert scale: A Likert scale (pronounced ‘lick-ert’) is a type of psychometric response scale often used in questionnaires, and is the most widely used scale in survey research.
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